Isinyathelo sokuqala kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuvelisa i-optical kukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo ezibonakalayo. Iiparamitha ze-Optical (isalathisi se-refractive, inombolo ye-Abbe, i-transmittance, i-reflection), iimpawu ezibonakalayo (ubunzima, ukuguqulwa, umxholo we-bubble, umlinganiselo we-Poisson), kunye neempawu zokushisa (i-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-refractive index kunye nobushushu) bezinto ezibonakalayo Zonke ziya kuchaphazela iimpawu ze-optical materials. Ukusebenza kwamacandelo optical kunye neenkqubo. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa ngokufutshane izinto eziqhelekileyo ezibonakalayo kunye neempawu zazo.
Izinto ezibonakalayo zohlulwe ikakhulu zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: iglasi ye-Optical, ikristale ebonakalayo kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokukhanya.
01 Iglasi yeOptical
Iglasi ye-Optical yi-amorphous (iglasi) i-optical medium material enokuhambisa ukukhanya. Ukukhanya okudlula kuyo kunokutshintsha indlela yokusabalalisa, isigaba kunye nobukhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto ezibonakalayo ezifana neeprism, iilensi, izibuko, iifestile kunye nezihlungi kwizixhobo zokukhanya okanye iinkqubo. Iglasi ye-Optical inokukhanya okuphezulu, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali kunye nokufana komzimba kwisakhiwo kunye nokusebenza. Ineendawo ezithile ezichanekileyo nezichanekileyo. Kwiqondo eliphantsi lobushushu obuqinileyo, iglasi ye-optical igcina i-amorphous structure ye-high-temperature liquid state. Ngokufanelekileyo, iimpawu zangaphakathi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zeglasi, ezifana ne-refractive index, i-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal, ukuqina, ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal, ukuhanjiswa kombane, i-modulus elastic, njl., ziyafana kuzo zonke iindlela, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-isotropy.
Abavelisi abaphambili beglasi yokukhanya babandakanya iSchott yaseJamani, iCorning yaseUnited States, iOhara yaseJapan, kunye neChengdu Guangming Glass (CDGM) yasekhaya, njl.
Isalathiso se-refractive kunye ne-dispersion diagram
iigophe zesalathiso zeglasi yokubona
Iigophe zokuhambisa
02. Ikristale yamehlo
Ikristale ye-Optical ibhekisa kwizinto zekristale ezisetyenziswa kwimidiya ye-optical. Ngenxa yeempawu zokwakheka kweekristale zamehlo, inokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza iifestile ezahlukeneyo, iilensi, kunye neeprism ze-ultraviolet kunye ne-infrared applications. Ngokwesakhiwo sekristale, inokwahlulwa ibe yikristale enye kunye ne-polycrystalline. Izinto zekristale enye zinengqibelelo ephezulu yekristale kunye nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya, kunye nokulahleka kwegalelo eliphantsi, ke iikristale ezingatshatanga zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiikristale zamehlo.
Ngokukodwa: Izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-UV kunye ne-infrared crystal materials ziquka: i-quartz (SiO2), i-calcium fluoride (CaF2), i-lithium fluoride (LiF), ityuwa yelitye (NaCl), i-silicon (Si), i-germanium (Ge), njl.
Iikristale ze-polarizing: Iikristale ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-calcite (CaCO3), i-quartz (SiO2), i-nitrate ye-sodium (nitrate), njl.
Ikristale yeAchromatic: Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zokusasazwa kwekristale zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iilensi zenjongo ye-achromatic. Ngokomzekelo, i-calcium fluoride (i-CaF2) idibaniswe neglasi ukwenza inkqubo ye-achromatic, enokuphelisa i-spherical aberration kunye ne-secondary spectrum.
Ikristale yeLaser: isetyenziswa njengezinto zokusebenza kwi-laser-state lasers, njengeruby, calcium fluoride, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminiyam garnet crystal, njl.
Izinto zekristali zohlulwe ngokwendalo kwaye zikhuliswe ngokwenziwa. Iikristale zendalo zinqabile kakhulu, kunzima ukukhula ngokuzenzela, zilinganiselwe ngobukhulu, kwaye zineendleko. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuqwalaselwa xa izinto zeglasi zingonelanga, zinokusebenza kwibhendi yokukhanya engabonakaliyo kwaye isetyenziswe kwi-semiconductor kunye ne-laser industries.
03 Imathiriyeli ekhethekileyo yamehlo
a. Iglasi-i-ceramic
I-Glass-ceramic yinto ekhethekileyo ye-optical material engeyiyo iglasi okanye i-crystal, kodwa kwenye indawo phakathi. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweglasi-i-ceramic kunye neglasi eqhelekileyo ye-optical kubukho be-crystal structure. Inokwakheka kwekristale ecolekileyo kuneceramic. Ineempawu zokwandiswa kwe-thermal ephantsi, amandla aphezulu, ubunzima obuphezulu, ubuninzi obuphantsi, kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu kakhulu. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekusetyenzweni kweekristale ezisicaba, izinti ezisemgangathweni zemitha, izibuko ezikhulu, i-laser gyroscopes, njl.
I-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal ye-microcrystalline optical materials inokufikelela kwi-0.0±0.2×10-7/℃ (0~50℃)
b. Isilicon Carbide
I-Silicon carbide yimathiriyeli ye-ceramic ekhethekileyo ekwasetyenziswa njengezinto ezibonakalayo. I-Silicon carbide inokuqina okulungileyo, i-coefficient ephantsi yokuguqulwa kwe-thermal, ukuzinza okugqwesileyo kwe-thermal, kunye nesiphumo esibalulekileyo sokunciphisa ubunzima. Ithathwa njengeyona nto iphambili yezibuko ezinobungakanani obukhulu kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aerospace, iilaser ezinamandla amakhulu, iisemiconductors kunye nezinye iindawo.
Ezi ndidi zezinto ezibonakalayo zinokubizwa ngokuba yi-optical media materials. Ukongeza kwiindidi eziphambili zemathiriyeli ye-optical media, imathiriyeli yefiber optical, imathiriyeli yefilimu ebonakalayo, imathiriyeli yekristale engamanzi, imathiriyeli yokukhanya, njl. Ukuphuhliswa kobuchwephesha be-optical ayinakwahlulwa kwi-teknoloji ye-optical material. Sijonge phambili kwinkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo zelizwe lam.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-05-2024
