Inyathelo lokuqala kulo naliphi na inkqubo yokuphendulwa kukhetho lwezinto ezifanelekileyo zokuhamba. Iiparamitha ze-Optical (i-Reffining Index, inombolo ye-ABBE, i-Derimenties), i-Prography ye-Poisson (i-Poisson, i-Poisson, kunye ne-Poisson's), kunye neqondo lokusebenza Ukusebenza kwamacandelo ovavanyo kunye neenkqubo. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa ngokufutshane izinto ezixhaphakileyo ezixhonyiweyo kunye nezinto zabo.
Izixhobo ze-optical zihlulwe ikakhulu zizigaba ezintathu: iglasi yeglasi yeglasi, ikristali yekristali ye-optical kunye nezixhobo ezikhethiweyo.
Iglasi ye-01
Iglasi ye-optical i-amorphous (iglasi) yendawo ephakathi enokuthi idlulisele ukukhanya. Ukukhanya okudlula kuyo kunokutshintsha indlela yayo yokusasazwa, isigaba kunye nobunzulu. Iqhelekile isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto ezingafunekiyo ezifana nee-pirms, iilensi, izibuko, iifestile, iifilitha kwizixhobo ze-Opticals okanye iinkqubo. Iglasi ye-optical ineendawo eziphezulu zokungafihli, uzinzo lwekhemikhali kunye nokufakwa komzimba ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokusebenza. Inemikhosi ekhethekileyo nechanekileyo. Kwimeko yeqondo eliphantsi lobushushu, iglasi ye-optical igcina ubume be-amorphous yelizwe elinamanzi aphezulu. Ngokufanelekileyo, iipropathi zangaphakathi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zeglasi, ezinje ngesalathiso esihlaziyiweyo, ukwandiswa kwe-themikhali, ukuqhutywa kombane, ukwenziwa kombane, okubizwa ngokuba yi-isotropy.
Abavelisi abaziintloko beglasi yokuphuma baquka iJamani, ukunxibelelana kweUnited States, uOhara waseJapan, kunye neglasi yasekhaya ye-Cheng. Njl.
Isalathiso sokuqaqamba kunye nomzobo wokusasaza
I-SOPICATION I-Index yesalathiso se-Index
I-Derititting curves
02. Ikristali ye-optical
Ikristali ye-optical ibhekisa kwizinto zekristale ezisetyenziswa kwimithombo yeendaba. Ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo zeekristali zamehlo, kunokubangela ukuba wenze iifestile ezahlukeneyo, iilensi, kunye neziprofetho ze-ultraviolet nakwizicelo ze-infrared. Ngokwendlela yekristali, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-crystal enye ne-polycrystalline. Izinto ezizodwa zekristali zine-cristing ephezulu yekristale kunye nokukhanya okuphezulu, kunye nokulahleka okuphantsi, oko kukuthi makristali esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiikristali zekristali.
Ngokukodwa: Izinto eziqhelekileyo zekristali kunye ne-increads iquka: i-quartz (SIO2), i-calcium fluoride (i-caf2), i-lithium (i-lithium), i-silicon (i-gelicon (GE), i-Gealicon (GE), i-Gemaniya (i-GEIL.
I-crystals ebonisa amakristali: I-crystal esetyenziselwa i-cystals iquka i-calciete (CACO3), i-quartz (SIO2), i-sodium hitte (i-natotium), njl.
Ikristali ye-ACHROMAMATIC: Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zekristali zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iilensi ze-theromamec. Umzekelo, i-calcium fluoride (i-caf2) idityaniswa neglasi ukwenza inkqubo ye-echromatic, enokuphelisa i-vierical ye-ochie kunye neyesibini.
I-laser crystal: isetyenziswa njengezinto zokusebenza ze-cast-charsis, ezinjengeRuby, i-calcium fluoride, i-neodizom ye-neodmium ye-biedy ganum gamet, njl.
Izixhobo zekristali zahlulahlulwe zaba zendalo kwaye zikhulile. Ikristali yendalo inqabile kakhulu, kunzima ukukhula ngokubonakalayo, inqunyelwe ngobukhulu, kwaye ixabisa kakhulu. Ngokubanzi xa izinto zeglasi azonelanga, zinokusebenza kwibhendi ekhanyayo engabonakaliyo kwaye isetyenziswa kwi-semicondcuctor kunye namashishini ase-laser.
I-03 yeZAKHONO ZOKUGQIBELA
a. Iglasi-ceramic
Iglasi-ceramic yinto ekhethekileyo ye-optical engenaglasi okanye ikristale, kodwa kwenye indawo phakathi. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kweglasi yeglasi-ceramic kunye neglasi yesiqhelo yobukho besakhiwo sekristali. Inesakhiwo esihle sekristali kune-ceramic. Ineempawu zokwanda komhlaba ophantsi olwanelisekileyo, amandla aphezulu, ubunzima obukhulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu kakhulu. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekuqhubeni amakristali eflethi, izinti zemitha emiselweyo, izibuko ezikhulu, i-laser gyroscopes, njl.
Ukusebenza kwe-thermal ukusebenza kwe-Microcrystalline Izixhobo ze-microcrystalline zingafikelela kwi-0.0 ± 0.2 × 10-7 × 10-7 / ℃ (0 ~)
b. I-Silicon carbide
I-Silicon Carbide sisixhobo se-ceramic ekhethekileyo esikwasetyenziswa njengezinto zamehlo. I-Silicon Carbide inolunqwanqwa okuqinileyo, i-themer yefreyimu ephantsi ye-themerm, i-therm elungileyo, kunye nefuthe elibalulekileyo lokunciphisa umzimba. Ithathwa njengeyona nto iphambili kwizibuko elikhulu kakhulu kwaye lisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace, i-lasers ephezulu, iSemicontund kunye namanye amasimi.
Ezi ndidi zezinto zokwakheka zinokubizwa ngokuba zizixhobo ze-Optical. Ukongeza kumacandelo aphambili ezixhobo ze-visicals, izixhobo ze-fiber, izixhobo zefilimu, izixhobo zekristali, izixhobo ze-luminescent, njl. Zonke zezakhiwo ezingapheliyo. Ukuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji yokukhanya ayinakuthelekiswa nanto kwitekhnoloji ye-Optical. Sijonge phambili kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji yeLizwe.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJAN-05 ukuya ku-4024
