I-1.Focal ubude beenkqubo ze-optical
Ubude obugxile kakhulu sisibonisi esibaluleke kakhulu senkqubo yokukhanya, kuba lo mbono wobude obugxile, thina ngakumbi okanye sincinci sinokuqonda, siphonononge apha.
Ubude obugxile kwi-Optical System, ichazwe njengomgama ukusuka kwiziko elifanelekileyo lenkqubo yokujonga ukuya kugxininiswa kwe-beam xa kugxilwe kwi-contrals, ngumlinganiso wenkqubo yokukhanya. Sisebenzisa lo mzobo ulandelayo ukubonisa lo mxholo.
Kule mifanekiso ingentla, i-Beam ye-Beam Esoko ngasekhohlo, emva kokudlula kwinkqubo ye-optical, iguqukele kwi-Axis ehambelana ne-ray ehambelana ne-Axis ehambelana ne-Optical ebizwa ngokuba yi-Optical I-Axis kwinqaku P2, ebizwa ngokuba yindawo ephambili (okanye inqaku lendawo yendawo), umgama phakathi kwenqaku eliphambili kunye nokugxila komfanekiso, igama elidla ngokubiza ubude, igama elipheleleyo luphawu olusebenzayo lomfanekiso.
Ingabonwa kumzobo omde ukusuka kumphezulu wokugqibela wenkqubo yokukhanya ukuya kwinqaku eligxile kwi-F 'yomfanekiso ubizwa ngokuba bubude bokugxila ngasemva (bfl). Ngokulungelelaniswa, ukuba i-Beam ye-gerallel isiganeko esivela kwicala lasekunene, kukho neekhonsepthi ubude osebenza kakuhle kunye nobude obungaphambili (ffl).
2. Iindlela zokuCwangcisa ubude beNdawo
Ukuziqhelanisa, zininzi iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ukuvavanya ubude beenkqubo ze-optical. Ngokusekwe kwimigaqo eyahlukeneyo, iindlela zokuvavanya ubude zinokwahlulwa zangamacandelo amathathu. Udidi lokuqala lusekwe kwisikhundla seplanethi yomfanekiso, udidi lwesibini lusebenzisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhula kunye nobude obugxile ekufumaneni ixabiso le-Fight Recmature ye-Waveront yokufumana ixabiso elincinci lokukhanya.
Kweli candelo, siza kwazisa ngeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo zokuvavanya ubude beenkqubo zamehlo ::
2.1CIndlela ye-ollimator
Umgaqo wokusebenzisa i-collillator ukuvavanya ubude benkqubo yenkqubo yenkqubo njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo ongezantsi:
Kumfanekiso, ipateni yovavanyo ibekwe kugxininiso lwe-collimator. Ukuphakama y yepateni yovavanyo kunye nobude obujolise kuyo fc'I-Collillator yaziwa. Emva kokuba i-therallel ibekwe yi-Collillator iguqukele kwinkqubo yovavanyo evavanyiweyo kwaye inyanzeliswa kwiplanethi yemifanekiso, ubude bendlela yokugxila yenkqubo ye-Optical bubalwa ngokusekwe kubude bendiza yomfanekiso. Ubude obujolise kuyo inkqubo yokuhlolwa kwenkqubo yokuhlola inokusebenzisa le fomula ilandelayo:
2.2 GaussianMethod
Inani lezictomatic lendlela yeGaussian yokuvavanya ubude benkqubo yokugxila yenkqubo iboniswe njengezantsi:
Kumfanekiso, iindiza eziphambili nezezimva zenkqubo yokukhanya phantsi kovavanyo zimelwe njenge-P kunye ne-P 'ngokwahlukeneyo, kunye nomgama phakathi kweenqwelomoya ezimbini eziphambili ze-DP. Kule ndlela, ixabiso le-DPithathwa njengezaziwa, okanye ixabiso layo lincinci kwaye lingahoywa. Into kunye nesikrini sokufumana ilungelo sibekwe ngasekhohlo nasekunene, kwaye umgama phakathi kwabo ubhale njengo-L, apho kufuneka ubude kune-4 amaxesha ubude benkqubo ephantsi kovavanyo. Inkqubo ephantsi kovavanyo inokubekwa kwizikhundla ezibini, ikhutshiwe njengendawo yoku-1 kunye nenqanaba 2 ngokwahlukeneyo. Into engasekhohlo inokujongwa ngokucacileyo kwiscreen esamkelayo. Umgama phakathi kwezi ndawo zimbini (eziboniswe ngu-D) unokulinganiswa. Ngokutsho kobudlelwane obuhlanganisiweyo, singafumana:
Kwezi ndawo zimbini, umgama wento irekhodwa njenge-S1 kunye ne-S2 ngokulandelelana, emva koko S2 = S1 = D. Ngokuphatheleleka kwendlela yendlela,
2.3Lloometer
I-lenstometer ilungele kakhulu ukuvavanya ubude bezinto ezigxile kuzo. Inani lecebo layo le ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Okokuqala, iilensi eziphantsi kovavanyo azibekwa kwindlela yokukhanya. Ithagethi ebonisiweyo ngasekhohlo idlula kwilensi yokuqhekeza kwaye ibaleka. Ukukhanya okuthe tyaba kuyaguquka yilensi yokudibanisa kunye nobude obujolise kuyo f2kwaye wenze umfanekiso ocacileyo kwindiza yomfanekiso wesalathiso. Emva kwendlela yokukhanya i-calible ilungelelaniswe, iilensi eziphantsi kovavanyo zibekwe kwindlela yokukhanya, kwaye umgama phakathi kovavanyo oluphantsi kovavanyo kunye ne-lens ye-covermation i-F2. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yentshukumo yelensi ephantsi kovavanyo, i-buam yokukhanya iya kuphinda iphindwe, ibangela utshintsho kwisikhundla seplanethi yomfanekiso, okukhokelela kumfanekiso ocacileyo kwi-dieginer. Umgama phakathi kweplanethi entsha yeplanethi kunye nelensi yokudibanisa ichazwa njenge-x. Ngokusekwe kubudlelwane bemifanekiso yento, ubude obujolise kwiilensi phantsi kovavanyo bunokuthathwa njenge:
Ukuziqhelanisa, i-lenstometer isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumgangatho ophambili weelensi zomgwebo, kwaye ineengenelo zokusebenza ngokulula kunye nokuchaneka okuqinisekileyo.
2.4 AbbeRI-Efcractometer
I-Abbe Recractutiter yenye indlela yokuvavanya ubude beenkqubo ze-optical. Inani lecebo layo le ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Beka abalawuli ababini ngemigangatho eyahlukileyo kwicala lomphezulu welensi yelensi phantsi kovavanyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-SqualepPick 1 kunye ne-Squalicks 2. Ukuphakama kwe-Y1 kunye ne-y2. Umgama phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zekamva yi-E, kunye ne-engile phakathi komgca ophezulu womlawuli kunye ne-axis ye-optical nguwe. Isiseko senziwe yi-lens evavanyiweyo kunye nobude obujolise kuyo f. I-microscope ifakwe kwindawo yokuphela komfanekiso. Ngokuhambisa isikhundla semakroskopu, imifanekiso ephezulu yezikati ifumaneka. Ngeli xesha, umgama phakathi kwe-microscope kunye ne-axis ye-oxis ichazwa njengo y. Ngokutsho kobudlelwane bemifanekiso, sinokufumana ubude obujolise ngaphakathi:
I-2,5 ye-moire prolectometryIndlela
Indlela ye-moiré ye-moiré i-prostlectometry iya kusebenzisa iiseti ezimbini ze-ronchings kwi-Berallel ekhanyayo ekhanyayo. I-Roching Riling yiphethini efanayo ye-gromium ye-chromium ye-chromium efakwe kwiglasi yeglasi, isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kweenkqubo zamehlo. Le ndlela isebenzisa utshintsho eMoireé phesves olwenziwe ngababini ukuvavanya ubude benkqubo yokugxila kwenkqubo. Umzobo occhematic womgaqo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Kumfanekiso ongasentla, into ebonakalayo, emva kokudlula kwi-collillator, iba ngumgodi ofanayo. Kwindlela yokukhanya, ngaphandle kokongeza iLensi evavanyiweyo kuqala, i-Beam Eam idlula e-angle ye-θ kunye ne-DACCIT ye-DREACIT kunye ne-DACIT ye-D, yenza iseti ye-moiré phernes kwindiza yomfanekiso. Emva koko, iilensi ezivavanyiweyo zibekwe kwindlela yokukhanya. Ukukhanya okukhoyo okokuqala, emva kokuvuswa yilensi, kuya kuvelisa ubude obuthile. I-curvature radius ye-buam yokukhanya inokufumaneka kule fomula ilandelayo:
Ngokwesiqhelo iilensi eziphantsi kovavanyo zisondelelene kakhulu kwi-GORTATIT yokuqala, ke ixabiso le-R kwifomula elingentla lihambelana nobude obujolise kwilensi. Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba inokuvavanya ubude begxile kwiinkqubo zobude obucacileyo nezingalunganga kugxilwe kuzo.
2.6 OpticalFirAi-utocollimetionMethod
Umgaqo wokusebenzisa indlela yokuhamba nge-fiber ye-ofisi yokuvavanya ukuvavanya ubude beelensi ziboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi. Isebenzisa i-fiber of Appics ekupheliseni umngxunya we-diverggent odlula kwiilensi kuvavanywa kwaye emva koko isibuko senqwelomoya. Iindlela ezintathu ezihambayo kwinani elimele iimeko zefayiwe eyakhankanya ngaphakathi kugxilwe, ekugxilwe kuzo, nangaphandle koqwalaselo. Ngokuhambisa isikhundla selensi phantsi kovavanyo emva kwexesha, unokufumana isikhundla sentloko ye-fiber ekugxilwe kuyo. Ngeli xesha, i-beam iyazibamba, kwaye emva kokucingisisa ngesibuko seplanethi, uninzi lwamandla luya kubuyela kwisikhundla sentloko ye-fiber. Indlela ilula kumgaqo kwaye ilula ukuyisebenzisa.
3.conconcied
Ubude obujolise kubude buyipharamitha ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokukhanya. Kweli nqaku, sinika ingxelo ngohlobo lwenkqubo yokugxila kwenkqubo kunye neendlela zawo zovavanyo. Zidityaniswe nomzobo occhematic, sichaza inkcazo yobude obugxile, kubandakanya ikhowokho ngemifanekiso egxile kwi-intanethi ubude, indawo yokugxila kwendawo, kunye nokubuyela umva ngaphambili. Ukuziqhelanisa, zininzi iindlela zokuvavanya ubude benkqubo yokukhanya. Eli nqaku lazisa ngemithetho-siseko yovavanyo lwendlela ye-Collimator, indlela yeGaussian, ubude bendlela yokugxila, indlela yokuGqibela ye-ABBE, indlela ye-Moiré, kunye neNdawo yeFiber. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ngokufunda eli nqaku, uya kuba nokuqonda okungcono kweeparamitha ezigxile kwiinkqubo ze-optical.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: AUG-09-2024
